Abstract
The development of modern medical science and the widespread use of highly active
antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at the current stage of HIV treatment has reduced the
number of severe organic lesions of the central nervous system but brought neurocognitive
disorders to the fore. The first mentions of neurocognitive deficits were published 25
years ago. Since then, a huge amount of research has been done on the pathogenesis,
clinical picture, and diagnostic methods of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
(HAND). Such a high interest in HAND is due to the social and medical significance
of cognitive impairments, which are frequent and sometimes the only signs of organic
brain pathology [1].