PRIOR EXPOSURE TO NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS REDUCES THE RATE OF ORGAN FAILURE AND IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY IN ACUTE PANCREATITIS

Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate whether nano-hydroxyapatite toothpastes
with or without fluoride would be more advantageous than a fluoride toothpaste in the
repair of eroded enamel in situ. Twenty-one subjects participated in this single-blind,
randomized, cross-over design study with three 7-day treatment phases. In each phase, the
subjects wearing a palatal appliance containing five sterilized enamel specimens used either
one of the two test regimens (1% nano-hydroxyapatite toothpaste and 2.25% nanohydroxyapatite/1450?parts per million (ppm) fluoride toothpaste) or one control (1400?ppm
fluoride toothpaste). Enamel specimens were extraorally demineralized (4 ? 5?min/day)
and were intraorally treated with the toothpastes (2 ? 2?min/day). The nano-hydroxyapatite
toothpaste groups exhibited significantly higher surface microhardness than did the standard
fluoride toothpaste group (p < 0.05). Enamel surface hardness was increased only by nanohydroxyapatite toothpastes after in situ treatment compared with the baseline (p < 0.05).
Morphological analysis demonstrated an apatite-type crystal deposition on the eroded
enamel surface produced by nano-hydroxyapatite toothpastes, while fluoride toothpaste
failed to show any significant surface deposition. Chemical analysis showed a higher
content of calcium and phosphorus in the enamel surface treated with nano-hydroxyapatite
toothpastes compared with that in the control one (p < 0.05). It is concluded that home use
of nano-hydroxyapatite containing toothpastes may have a protective effect against erosion
at the enamel surface.