COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AT THE STAGE OF MENOPAUSE IN WOMEN WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

Abstract

Severe impairment of cognitive function characterizes dementia. Mild cognitive impairment represents the transition between normal cognitive process and dementia. The frequency of cognitive changes is higher in women than in men. Based on this fact, hormonal factors likely contribute to cognitive decline. In this sense, cognitive complaints are more common during menopause, a phase characterized by a decrease in hormone levels, especially estrogen. In addition, a trend towards cognitive decline in postmenopausal women has been reported. Vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes, sweating, and dizziness), vaginal dryness, irritability, and forgetfulness are common and are associated with a progressive decline in ovarian function and a subsequent decrease in serum estrogen concentrations. Estrogen-based hormone therapy (HT), with or without progestogen, is the treatment of choice for relieving menopausal symptoms. Studies conducted to date have shown conflicting results regarding the effects of HT on cognitive function. This article reviews key aspects of menopause and cognitive function, including the neuroprotective role of estrogen and the relationship between menopausal symptoms and cognitive function. We present and discuss the results of central observational and interventional studies of HT and cognition.